This paper develops a theory of strategic vertical DFI (direct foreign investment) to suggest an explanation for the … empirical puzzle of the missing "pollution-haven" effect. It focuses on a firm's strategic incentive to create multi …-market interdependence (in addition to other conventional incentives for DFI) and suggests that the empirical investigations on pollution …

This paper develops a theory of strategic vertical DFI (direct foreign investment) to suggest an explanation for the … empirical puzzle of the missing "pollution-haven" effect. It focuses on a firm's strategic incentive to create multi …-market interdependence (in addition to other conventional incentives for DFI) and suggests that the empirical investigations on pollution …

become and remain competitive. Although many studies have focused on these negative effects, the links between pollution and … pollution and city growth, and how it correlates with city competitiveness. Although high-income cities are usually better at … managing pollution, the paper finds successful examples of fast-growing, lower-income cities that are able to tackle this issue …