The role of the banking industry in export promotion cannot be over-emphasized as banks provide the necessary financial support for borrowers in various industries to undertake investment activities. With the help of an industry-level dataset on bilateral trade flows between various countries, I...

This article assesses the impact of the targeted longer-term refinancing operations (TLTROs) of the European Central Bank (ECB) on the credit supply of the euro area banks. An empirical approach is used that permits distinction between the direct and indirect effects of the TLTROs. The direct...

Following the ongoing debate on risks in interbank payment networks, gross settlement systems are being adopted in several industrialized countries. These systems, which effect real-time transfers of monetary base among bank accounts, add management of intraday liquidity to the duties...

This paper shows that the supply side of credit is a major factor for the phenomenonof hampered interest rate pass-through in monopolistic banking markets. Our data,covering all 1,555 small and medium sized banks in Germany, provides a clear wayto partial out demand shocks; we are thus able to...

Asymmetric climate policies are expected to distort the level-playing field regarding international trade, singularly to the detriment of small open economies. The paper develops a flexible method that provides essential input regarding the design of offsetting measures. It builds on...

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. The Economic Characteristics of Small Market Economies -- 2. The General Implications of Small Size for Competition Policy -- 3. The Regulation of Single-Firm Dominance -- 4. The Regulation of Natural Monopolies and Essential Facilities -- 5....