Something old and important is lost sight of in a case like Ohio v. American Express, the Supreme Court's recent adoption of "platform" or "two-sided market" theory in American antitrust, and in theoretical efforts like the one on which it is based. A rarely discussed idea built in to American...

This paper investigates the effects on tacit collusion of increased market transparency on the consumer side of a market in a differentiated Hotelling duopoly. Increasing market transparency increases the benefits to a firm from underbutting the collusive price. It also decreases the punishment...

Digitale Großkonzerne wie Facebook, Google & Co. stellen die Wettbewerbsinstitutionen vor neue Herausforderungen. Mithilfe der Charakteristiken von Plattformmärkten können sie ihre Macht und Verhandlungsstärke zunehmend verfestigen und darüber hinaus marktübergreifende digitale Ökosysteme...

This essay discusses two immanent challenges for competition policy in online e-commerce markets: the platform character and the role of personalized data. Both phenomena are briefly described from an economic perspective (section 2 and 3) with a focus on how they affect and change competition...

Digitale Großkonzerne wie Facebook, Google & Co. stellen die Wettbewerbsinstitutionen vor neue Herausforderungen. Mithilfe der Charakteristiken von Plattformmärkten können sie ihre Macht und Verhandlungsstärke zunehmend verfestigen und darüber hinaus marktübergreifende digitale Ökosysteme...

Despite the fact that almost a third of every dollar spend by consumers goes to pay retail and wholesale distributor margins, and that one of every six non-farm workers is employed in the distributive trades, the economics profession by-and-large ignores them. Economic models usually assume that...

Platform businesses have been pivotal in the rise of the digital economy. Amazon is one example of a platform taking on the role of a quasi-regulator; an entity that is able to determine the terms of interaction on the platform. This intermediary position entails the danger of anti-competitive...

This paper investigates the effects of mergers, entry, and exit in retail markets when input prices are negotiated. Results are derived from a model of bilateral Nash-bargaining between manufacturers and retailers which allows for general forms of demand and retail competition. Whether...

This paper investigates the effects of changes in retail market concentration when input prices are negotiated. Results are derived from a model of bilateral Nash-bargaining between upstream and downstream firms which allows for general forms of demand and retail competition. Whether...

The essay examines the genesis of the concept of the market, the conditions that must be met for it to be used in economic analysis, and the reasons why the concept is questionable. In order for the concept of market to play a significant and non-contradictory role in economic (and antitrust)...