This paper explores fundamental changes to the UK’s competition law private actions landscape. It examines how the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (‘CRA’) has paved the way for private enforcement to become an effective deterrent against anti-competitive behavior. These changes have been made...

This article is both a short introduction to the Consumer Choice explanation for Competition Law or Antitrust Law, and also a short advocacy piece suggesting that Consumer Choice is the best way to articulate the goals of European Competition Law and United States Antitrust Law.This article...

In several works over the last decade, Wolfgang Fikentscher has reminded us that there are ways of viewing competition law that need not begin and end with economics — its concepts, its language, and its science-based normative stance. Discussions of competition law in the United States and...

In discussions of the regionalization of competition law, the political dimension often leads a shadowy existence. Regionalization tends to be presented with a hint of a halo around it. States are presented as acting for a shared policy objective intended to benefit all, and political issues...

In 2003 the Dawson Committee, commissioned by the Australian Government, recommended that criminal penalties should be introduced for cartel conduct. The Government accepted this recommendation in principle and set up a working party to consider the implementation difficulties that had been...

Despite its enormous importance in the evolution of competition law in Europe, ordoliberal thought — and German neo-liberal thought generally — has received little attention in the English-speaking world, and it remains all but unknown in the United States. Moreover, except in Germany,...

The controversies that continue to rage over Japan's role in the international economy and, more specifically, its impressive and potentially ominous trade surpluses with the U.S. often circle around the question of what can be done about any of it. In the U.S., it is commonly assumed that an...

China will develop its own competition law on its own terms and on the basis of its own institutions, traditions, and goals, as it has in other recent contexts. It is unlikely to accept any foreign model of competition law as its own. In making choices about what kind of competition law to...

Two topics have featured in discussions of transnational competition law over the last few years — the evolution of competition law in Asia and the global convergence of competition laws. The role of Asia, especially China, in global competition law development has attracted attention...

The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has in several cases, most recently in Akzo Nobel (Case C-97/08) and General Química (Case C-90/09), held parent companies liable for competition law infringements of their subsidiaries. This practice is widely criticized by scholars and practitioners. The...