It is well known that the presence of imperfect monitoring limits the possibility of making efficient agreements. When firms interact repeatedly in multiple markets, however, we show that noisy observations may improve the possibility of collusion. When observation is noisy in at least one...

Consider a two-person infinitely-repeated game in which one player is either a normal rational type or a commitment type that authomatically plays a fixed repeated-game strategy When her true type is private information a rational type may want to develop a reputation as a commitment type by...

Side-payments are common in many long-term relationships. We show that when players can exchange side-payments, approximate efficiency is achievable in any repeated game with private monitoring and communication, so long as the players can observe their own payoffs and are sufficiently patient,...