In recent era, research and development activities in the field of renewable energy, especially wind and solar, have been considerably increased, due to the worldwide energy crisis and high global emission. However, the available technical designs are not yet adequate to develop a reliable...

This review covers the broad scope of ocean hydrodynamics on offshore marine structures, laying the framework for studying offshore wind energy with a variety of engineering methods. First, water wave theory is described beginning with the fundamental equations of fluid mechanics. A variety of...