of convergence of transition countries with developed market economies. The study focuses on competition and market … reliance on retained earnings in transition countries reflects a maturation of the sector as new firms come to rely less on … in the transition countries that joined the European Union in 2004 than in the other, lower-income transition economies. …

Firms adjust their employment to changes in output. But they tend to adjust it only partially. Typically, labor is … constraints increase the sensitivity of employment to fluctuations in output considerably. When output changes, financially …

stagnant in transition economies. Admittedly, employment equality among genders was initially much higher in transition …Women in developed economies have experienced an unparalleled increase in employment rates, to the point that the gap … positions more frequently occupied by women, improved educational attainment). Meanwhile, the gender employment gaps were …

stagnant in transition economies. Admittedly, employment equality among genders was initially much higher in transition …Women in developed economies have experienced an unparalleled increase in employment rates, to the point that the gap … positions more frequently occupied by women, improved educational attainment). Meanwhile, the gender employment gaps were …

Firms adjust their employment to changes in output. But they tend to adjust it only partially. Typically, labor is … constraints increase the sensitivity of employment to fluctuations in output considerably. When output changes, financially …