We construct an empirical test of whether the anticipation of adoption of inflation targeting affects the inflation rate. We observe that most of the central banks adopt the regime after first achieving significant disinflation. With pre-inflation-targeting-disinflation, initial targets are met...

This paper argues that the loose monetary policy of two of the world’s most important financial institutions-the US Federal Reserve Board and the European Central Bank-were ultimately responsible for the outburst of global financial crisis of 2008 - 09. Unusually low interest rates in 2001 -...

This paper analyses the issue of the dynamics of the TARGET2 system balances during the sovereign debt crisis, when some countries registered a decisive inflow of the central bank liquidity and others showed an outflow. The dynamics in the TARGET2 are here explained as being due to a fall in the...

This article explores the economic justification of the use of unconventional monetary policy instruments such as asset purchase programmes (known as quantitative easing, QE) with the aim of assessing the nature of QE in the context of future monetary policy in Poland. Since 2008, numerous asset...

The European Central Bank is planning a gradual reduction of government bond purchases under the asset purchase program it initiated in 2015. The present study by the German Institute for Economic Research analyzes the potential macroeconomic implications of different exit strategies. The...

Transparency in the work of central banks has become one of the key features of monetary policy. Because of this, many economists have diverted to finding the most suitable way to measure it. Although a unique method of measurement has yet to be achieved, there are various studies in the...

The concerns of macroeconomic policymakers regarding the management of the COVID-19 crisis are reflected by the major, unbending, and brisk interventions they have had, including monetary authorities. The present paper aims at identifying central banks' contributions in managing the pandemic...

The research work presented below addresses the possible concern of central bank independence through the development and application of econometric models. The complexity of the modelling has allowed a step further in corroborating that financial independence is not only linked to the...

The article reviews the literature on the relationship between climate change and central bank policies. Central banks conduct monetary policy and are responsible for macroprudential supervision. The article focuses on the consequences of transition and physical risks for financial stability and...

Starting in June 2014, the European Central Bank (ECB) stepped up its monetary accommodation in order to counter a too prolonged period of low inflation in the euro area. This article offers a narrative of the monetary policy measures taken up to December 2016 and a review of the effects of...