After independence, energy and food subsidies became a cornerstone of the social contracts in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. Governments spent heavily to reduce poverty and strengthen their own legitimacy. However, as government rents faded, subsidy spending became...

Machine generated contents note: 1 Welfare Reform: An Agenda for Reauthorization -- Ron Haskins and Rebecca M. Blank -- Part II: The Biggest Issues -- 2 Implementation of the Personal Responsibility -- Act of 1996 -- Thomas L. Gais, Richard P? Nathan, Irene Lurie, -- and Thomas Kaplan --...

The current fiscal imbalances and fragilities in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries (SEMC) are the result of decades of instability, but have become more visible since 2008, when a combination of adverse economic and political shocks (the global and European financial crises, Arab...