cover pandemics have a change in trend and persistence in growth, and in level and persistence in unemployment. We find that … in recent times seem to have a permanent effect on growth. Moreover, our results show that the unemployment rate …

. Additional results, however, suggest that female and highly skilled participants leave unemployment quicker than other groups …

heterogeneity into account. Our results indicate that participation in JCSs increases the unemployment duration mainly due to … leave unemployment quicker than other groups, which results in highly skilled women benefiting from participation. However …, we find no significant impact on post-unemployment employment stability. Our results are robust to allowing for random …

The effects that the economic crisis triggered by COVID-19 is having on unemployment could hardly differ more than in … of the European Union (EU-27) managed to keep unemployment in check largely through heavy reliance on short-time work or … similar measures, the United States has been experiencing mass unemploy-ment reminiscent of the Great Depression of 1929 …

of aggregate unemployment in postwar data. While this range may seem wide it is an indication that the importance of …