.S. data and validating it with quasi-experimental evidence, I find that raising aggregate fertility to the replacement level …. The key to this result is that the marginal cost of child quality rises with fertility, and fertility effects of the … rewards, in-kind benefits are less cost-effective in raising fertility but have other advantages: subsidized childcare …

We assess the impact of continued low fertility in China, versus a rebound in fertility due to the relaxation of the …), income per capita is lower with a fertility rebound due primarily to a higher youth dependency rate. In the long run, higher … fertility leads to a reduction in the old-age dependency ratio and lowers the tax rate required to pay for old-age pensions and …

This study examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on fertility in Norway at the individual level. Studies using … data at the macro level have found a positive short-term effect of the pandemic on fertility level in Norway, but women …'s fertility response to the pandemic may differ depending on their life situation. We use the first lockdown on March 12, 2020 as …

Higher fertility slowly increases the workers-to-retirees ratio over the long run, which can ease the pension financing …-productivity profiles and pension systems can explain the exception. Fertility-promoting policies will always ease the public finance …