In this paper, we explore the co-movements between renewable and non-renewable energy sources and CO 2 emissions and GDP per capita in Saudi Arabia, respectively. Using the spectral Granger causality approach, our results suggested that non-renewable energy sources lead to carbon emission...

In the present contribution, we concentrate on the process of financial liberalization in a specific context of European economic and monetary integration. We implement de facto and de jure measures of financial liberalization and find that formal aspects of financial openness generate a...

The objective of this study is to investigate the nexus between financial development (FD) in economic growth (GROWTH) in developing countries. The study uses panel data from 138 developing countries during the period 1980-2018. The relationship between financial development and economic growth...