discusses different approaches of proximity and the dynamics within urban systems. …

Most public expenditure on childcare in the US is made through a federal program, the Child Care and Development Fund … employment and reduce welfare dependence among low-income families. Childcare subsidies have been effective in enabling parents …

childcare. This trend has raised concerns, and an intense debate in several countries has focused on the effectiveness of … childcare policies. …

quality of these data. This paper investigates whether the secondary childcare questions in the ATUS are measuring the stated … construct alternative estimates that exclude time spent in secondary childcare that is inconsistent with other data collected … during the interview and find that the ATUS measure overestimates secondary childcare by at most 5 percent or about 16 …

This paper organizes and synthesizes the literature on early childhood education and childcare. In it, we go beyond …

the increased demands of housework, childcare and home-schooling. Much of the additional burden has been shouldered by … pronounced during the second wave, it was still higher than pre-COVID-19. The time spent by women on housework, childcare, and …