Objective – The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of the Free Trade Zone (‘FTZ') in the Riau Islands Province (Batam, Bintan and Karimun) on specific products, i.e. cigarettes.Methodology/Technique – To investigate the demand for cigarettes in the FTZ area, this study...

The world is going through strikingly fast and comprehensive transformation. The harmonization of the bilateral or multilateral regulations and standards all over the world will make market penetrations much easier, or harder. This is also a critical turn for the overall Turkish economic and...

In a sign of their increasing frustration with global efforts to ensure that all people everywhere will have access to COVID-19 vaccines, several developing countries have asked other members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to join them in a sweeping waiver of the intellectual property...

We review theoretical and empirical work on the economic effects of the United States and China trade relations during the last decades. We first discuss the origins of the China shock, its measurement, and present methods used to study its economic effects on different outcomes. We then focus...

This article analyses Turkey's safeguard (SG) actions using a renovated approach to the measurement of the impacts of the SG duties with empirical application introduced by Bown and McCulloch (2004). We examine the trade impacts of 16 safeguard duties, covering 52 different 4 and 6-digit...

It has been shown that international cooperation in achieving renewable energy targets, e.g., via a common tradable green certificate market, increases overall welfare. However, cooperation in the support of electricity from renewable energy sources also leads to regional price effects, from...

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the international naval mission in the Gulf of Aden from 2008-2010, both in terms of its counter-piracy and its counter-terrorism objectives. We draw on arguments developed in the literature of law and economics, detailed statistical analyses and a large...

Using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique, and the Granger causality test, this paper examines the dynamic relationship between economic growth, the size of the informal economy, and trade openness in Ghana. Our results provide evidence of a positive and bidirectional causality...

We examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Kenya's foreign trade using quarterly trade data for the period 2019 to the second quarter of 2021. The exploratory analysis shows that growth of Kenya's merchandise exports remained resilient, largely supported by traditional exports of tea and...

The trade wars that have been waged by the USA since early 2017 are an upshot of the structural problems accumulated inside the global trade and economic system. Firstly, the benefits of globalization are distributed unevenly between the developed and developing countries, and between skilled...