This is the first study that assesses the economic effects of direct democratic institutions on a cross country basis. Most of the results of the former intra-country studies could be confirmed. On the basis of some 30 countries, a higher degree of direct democracy leads to lower total...

The beginnings of Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) in Macedonia date back to 2008, first as a pilot project, then becoming mandatory for all legal proposals since 2009 as part of regulatory reforms with a declarative goal - improving the entrepreneurial environment. In 2011, the Ministry of...

This is the first study that assesses the economic effects of direct democratic institutions on a cross country basis. Its results are based on up to six new measures produced to reflect the legislative basis for using direct democratic institutions as well as their factual use. In addition, a...

This is the first study that assesses the economic effects of direct democratic institutions on a cross country basis. Most of the results of the former intra-country studies could be confirmed. On the basis of some 30 countries, a higher degree of direct democracy leads to lower total...

This study contains further evidence on the economic effects of direct democratic institutions. A first study found that countries with national initiatives have higher government expenditure and are characterized by more rent-seeking activity, that the effects of direct democratic institutions...

This paper analyzes the impact of tax and transfers on income distribution. We use a simple Computable General Equilibrium model for Pakistan (CGEP) adapted from Lofgren et al. (2001). Our CGE model takes into account the market interactions, that is, the effects of pricing outcomes of one...

The task of every government, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, is to provide services and goods for citizens and to maintain economic order. Therefore, the combination of legislation, the judiciary and administration is inevitable. Moreover, public administrations must transform the way...

We study how financial development affects economic development and wage inequality. We use a large expansion of government-owned banks into Brazilian cities with low bank branch coverage and combine it with data on the universe of employees from 2000-2014. We find that higher financial...

I examine the effects of banking market structure on small business emergency lending to respond to an economic crisis. In particular, I focus on the role of banking market concentration and the presence of community banks in contributing to the number of loans made to small businesses through...

Since the end of 2019, the destructive effect of the COVID-19 emerging in East Asia has quickly reached the Europe, the America and most of the Africa. Considering the millions of cases and thousands of deaths, many countries have taken important economic and social measures against the spread...