There is plenty of evidence for market failures that motivate government intervention for innovation in general and research and development (R&D) in particular. R&D subsidies are a policy tool of major importance - both in theory and practice. The empirical evidence for the effectiveness of R&D...

We construct a model of innovation incorporating R&D externalities, R&D participation, financial market imperfections, and application and allocation of R&D subsidies, estimate it using Finnish R&D project level data and conduct a welfare analysis. The intensive, not the extensive R&D margin is...

One commonly mentioned rationale for public funding is its positive signaling effect, often called the “halo-effect”, to the private sector financial institutions about the quality of the firm. This is based on the market failure argument based on the existence of asymmetric information...