The tobacco industry claims that increases in tobacco tax will not discourage people from smoking because smokers will simply substitute taxed cigarettes with smuggled untaxed cigarettes. The experience in Hong Kong suggests that smuggled cigarettes are eating into some of the taxed cigarette...

Black markets are estimated to represent a fifth of global economic activity, but their response to policy is poorly understood because participants systematically hide their actions. It is widely hypothesized that relaxing trade bans in illegal goods allows legal supplies to competitively...