transitions ; democracy ; autocracy ; IMF ; World Bank …We analyze the influence of IMF and World Bank programs on political regime transitions. We develop an extended version … anticipation of new loans from international financial institutions can trigger political transitions which would not otherwise …

transitions ; democracy ; autocracy ; IMF ; World Bank …We analyze the influence of IMF and World Bank programs on political regime transitions. We develop an extended version … anticipation of new loans from in-ternational financial institutions can trigger political transitions which would not otherwise …

Essay 1: We reexamine the effect of economic development on the level of democracy based on the data sets of Acemoglu … variable democracy. Contrary to the results of Acemoglu et al. (2008), some support of causality is found particularly when … explaining heteroscedasticity. We also find democracy is a bimodal variable and approximate the distribution using two separate …

this claim is missing for the new disease. Studying the association with five different democracy measures, this study …

find robust evidence that the specific nature of democratic institutions has important consequences for public policy …

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the level of democracy and fiscal-policy response to the …, our regressions with different measures of democracy as well as instrumental variable estimations support a robust and … causal relationship between a higher level of democracy and a larger fiscal-package size …

outcomes of democracy by using excess mortality as a measure of the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing this measure …