Showing 1 - 10 of 694
understood. However, there is little evidence comparing the effectiveness of these instruments, especially when considering water … resource management. We exploit a rich panel of residential water consumption data to examine heterogeneous responses to both … price. However, prescriptive policies such as restrictions on outdoor water use result in uniform responses across income …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012989886
that more educated women complied more with the program's water disinfection training, highlighting that even simple, low …-cost technologies require final users' compliance ("the last mile") to be effective. In the context of growing water scarcity …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012517152
In 2006 was approved, in Brazil, a new regulatory framework, named General Law of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs), regulating and expanding special conditions for MSEs - that representing more than 90% of companies in Brazil. The Law introduces differential treatment to MSEs for starting a...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011487801
This paper examines the role of regional poverty on the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S.A. It also verifies if the effects differ with the concentration of ethnic minorities. We find that poverty is a significant and consistent determinant of higher COVID-19 infections and fatalities. The prevalent...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013235059
which received new public transport infrastructure with the average changes in areas which were supposed to receive … infrastructure according to official plans, but did not because of delays. After controlling for endogenous selection, we find that … informality decreased on average 15 percent faster in areas receiving new public transport infrastructure compared to areas that …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011476197
The 2001 Russian tax reform reduced average tax rates for the personal income tax and the payroll or social tax. It also made the tax structure more regressive. Because individuals in the lower income bracket were for the most part not affected, it is possible to estimate the effects of the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009230101
Social protection systems in developing countries are typically composed of a bundle of benefits, the major ones being health insurance and pensions. Benefit bundling may increase informality and decrease welfare. Indeed, if some of the benefits are valued at substantially less than their cost,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009534973
A number of theoretical studies have tended to trace the nature of globalization process' impacts (mostly characterised by trade opening) on informality, while relevant empirical literature has been not well developed. The paper aims to fill this knowledge gap by shedding further light on the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011346442
This study analyses the impact of Bolsa Família (a Brazilian conditional cash transfer programme) in the allocation of labour inputs regarding formal and informal activities. The methodology relies on a discontinuity in the programme eligibility rule regarding children's age to attain the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010466435
The 2001 Russian tax reform reduced average tax rates for the personal income tax and the payroll or social tax. It also made the tax structure more regressive. Because individuals in the lower income bracket were for the most part not affected, it is possible to estimate the effects of the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013112264