We address two research questions. First, how did the COVID-19 disease progress in Scandinavia in 2020? Second, did Sweden’s unique public health care response lead to differential infection and mortality rates during 2020? We use synthetic control techniques to model COVID-19 dynamics,...

Based on simulated counterfactual analyses, this paper studies the long-term evolution of key policy outcomes associated with the Nordic model. The results show that Finland had the most redistributive policy changes in the studied time periods. The Danish flexicurity model involves high benefit...