President Barack Obama signed the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010 with no Republican support. The ACA has been politically divisive ever since, with the House repeatedly voting for repeal. Earlier this year, Congress successfully passed a repeal, with the Senate using a legislative process...

Iran has long had one of the highest rates of birth by Caesarean section (C-section) in the world. In 2014, the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MHME) created substantial financial incentives discouraging the use of C-sections in public hospitals, by increasing physician...

Health care is beset with an array of market failures (e.g., informational asymmetries, externalities, monopolization, and public goods). In theory, government can intervene to fix these market failures, allowing scarce resources to be devoted to their highest use at the lowest possible cost...

A large literature examines the effect of health insurance on mortality. We add to this literature by emphasizing two challenges in using quasi-experimental variation provided by the Affordable Care Act (ACA) coverage expansions to study mortality. The first is non-parallel pre-treatment trends....

This Appendix contains additional methods details and results for Black, Hollingsworth, Nunes, and Simon, The Effect of Health Insurance on Mortality: Power Analysis and What Can We Learn from the Affordable Care Act Coverage Expansions? (working paper 2018), at...

A large literature examines the effect of health insurance on mortality. We contribute by emphasizing two challenges in using the Affordable Care Act (ACA)'s quasi-experimental variation to study mortality. The first is non-parallel pretreatment trends. Rising mortality in Medicaid non-expansion...

A large literature examines the effect of health insurance on mortality. We contribute by emphasizing two challenges in using the Affordable Care Act (ACA)'s quasi-experimental variation to study mortality. The first is non-parallel pretreatment trends. Rising mortality in Medicaid non-expansion...

This Online Appendix provides sample and methodology details and selected additional results for Barreto Parra, Atanasov, Whittle, Meurer, Luo, Zhang, and Black, The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Elderly: Population Fatality Rates, COVID Mortality Percentage and Life Expectancy loss....

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected the elderly. This article provides a detailed analysis of those effects, drawing primarily on individual-level mortality data covering almost three million persons aged 65+ in three Midwest states (Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin). We report...