Im Unterschied zu anderen Politikbereichen sind die lateinamerikanischen Arbeitsmärkte in den vergangenen 20 Jahren kaum reformiert worden. Eine Ausnahme stellt Argentinien dar: Dort stehen Arbeitsmarktreformen seit dem Beginn der 1990er Jahre auf der politischen Agenda - nicht weniger als...

The paper is based on assessment from April 2020 intended to forecast the potential economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the coffee sector in the EAC countries, by reviewing effects on global demand for EAC coffee, effects on coffee production in EAC countries, and effects of bringing EAC...

The Trump Administration is proceeding with unilateral measures to address what it has characterized as “unfair” trade, risking retaliation, but banking on a threat of massive escalation to extract a favorable outcome for itself. Notwithstanding widespread speculation that the threats to...

The outbreak in 2018 of a rapidly escalating trade war between the United States and China is a watershed event that is reshaping the global economic and political order. The main complaints made by the United States against China, while increasingly widely accepted and repeated, do not...

This study quantifies the trade and economic impacts of the tariff measures taken to date in the main salvoes of the trade wars unleashed by unilateral US tariff measures imposed on steel and aluminum pursuant to the Department of Commerce Section 232 National Security Investigation, on imports...

This paper analyzes the impact on Canada’s economy of Taiwan’s accession to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement. While the TPP is to be concluded by the twelve current negotiating parties, it will allow accession by other regional economies, consistent with APEC’s endorsement of...

For apparently irreconcilable domestic political reasons, the United States is an outlier amongst economically advanced countries as the only one that does not have a value added tax (VAT), which is the conventional and WTO-sanctioned approach to applying an economically efficient and...

This note discusses the scale of the risks to bilateral UK-EU trade under alternative scenarios for the UK leaving the Union, including a hard Brexit, a soft EFTA-like Brefta, and the scope for the foregone UK-EU trade to be made up through alternative agreements. It comments on the risks to...

This note develops four alternative estimates of the trade-related impacts of the United Kingdom seceding from the European Union. We contrast two basic scenarios: an exit that re-sets the UK's relationship with the rest of the EU to a WTO-rules most favoured nation basis (“Brexit”), versus...