This book is a comparative study of the rules of the European Union (EU) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the free movement of goods. The book is well structured. Chapter 1 serves as the introduction to the subject and explains the main concepts used throughout the book. Chapter 2,...

The sheer size of the EU and US economies combined suggests substantial economic benefits from eliminating tariffs, reducing the costs of regulatory divergence, and deepening cooperation. Estimating these gains is difficult: uncertainty concerning modelling choices, data, and scenarios looms...

We develop a new Measure of Aggregate Trade Restrictions (MATR) using data from the IMF's Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions. MATR is an empirical measure of how restrictive official government policy is towards the international flow of goods and services. MATR is...