market. In Germany's Statutory Health Insurance (SHI) system, the replacement level for periods of sickness of up to six …

This paper studies how gifts - monetary or in-kind payments - from drug firms to physicians in the US affect … prescriptions and payments with causal inference and machine learning methods. We find that payments cause physicians to prescribe … more brand drugs, resulting in a cost increase of $30 per dollar received. Responses differ widely across physicians, and …