(VET), have been scant, despite a common problem pressure for reforms emanating from stubbornly high rates of youth … unemployment and similar legacies of statist VET. Approach: We investigate VET reforms brought underway in Greece and Italy during … and in the aftermath of the crisis, asking how far apprenticeship-like forms of learning within their VET systems were …

, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Sweden, and Denmark come next. These countries all provide a rich base of compelling …