affects their fertility and educational attainment. For this study, we codify the legal history of all TRAP laws ever …

$4.3 million per year. These results suggest that giving lower-income women the means to control their fertility has the …

-income countries. In doing so, it focuses on fertility outcomes (the number and timing of births), women's health and socio … programs may only explain a modest share of fertility decline in real-world settings (explaining 4-20% of fertility decline …

Germany has the lowest birth rate among all OECD countries. To encourage fertility, the federal government has recently … fertility may be reversed through changes in public policy that allow women to combine employment and motherhood. …

special attention to estimating how intended fertility (fertility before children are born) responds to these policies. We use … two evaluation tools: (i) a dynamic model on fertility, labor supply, outsourced childcare time, parental time, asset … expenditure to increase fertility to the replacement level might be viewed as prohibitively high. …

to August 2022 to examine the childbearing response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although fertility rates declined in 2020 … reversal in declining U.S. fertility rates since 2007 and was most pronounced for first births and women under age 25, which …