At the onset of the COVID pandemic, the U.S. economy suddenly and swiftly lost 20 million jobs. Over the next two years, the economy has been on the recovery path. We assess the labor market two years into the COVID crisis. We show that early employment dynamics were almost entirely driven by...

Both economic and epidemiological literature have shown that perceived high strain at work and lack of social infrastructures are good predictors of sick leave. The latter is particularly relevant in countries where facilities for children and care services are scarce and women are asked to fill...

Both economic and epidemiological literature has shown that perceived high strain at work and lack of social infrastructures are good predictors of sick-leave. The latter is particularly relevant in countries where facilities for children and care services are scarce and women are asked to fill...

People experience multiple changes in their lives after retirement which can affect their mental health. In this paper, we examine the mediating impact of grandparental childcare in the effect of retirement on mental health among elderly women in Europe. We apply a semi-parametric estimation...

Recent policies aiming to prolong worklives have increased older males' labor supply. Yet, little is known about their intergenerational effects. Using unique Dutch administrative data covering three consecutive generations, this paper studies the impact of increased grandfathers' labor supply...

The paper discusses possible directions and magnitudes of the relationship between the social security driven tax wedge, employment and shadow employment in Russia and Ukraine. The first section presents a summary of the economic and institutional background for development of the current size...

Die vorliegende Untersuchung des ifo Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung analysiert vier verschiedene Konzepte für Reformen der Arbeitsmarkt- und Sozialpolitik in Deutschland, die im Laufe des Jahres 2002 von verschiedener Seite in die politische Diskussion eingebracht wurden. Ziel ist, auf...

Die vorliegende Untersuchung des ifo Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung analysiert vier verschiedene Konzepte für Reformen der Arbeitsmarkt- und Sozialpolitik in Deutschland, die im Laufe des Jahres 2002 von verschiedener Seite in die politische Diskussion eingebracht wurden. Ziel ist, auf...

Most countries reduce Disability Insurance (DI) benefits for beneficiaries earning above a specified threshold. Such an earnings threshold generates a discontinuous increase in tax liability - a notch - and creates an incentive to keep earnings below the threshold. Exploiting such a notch in...

The paper discusses possible directions and magnitudes of the relationship between the social security driven tax wedge, employment and shadow employment in Russia and Ukraine. The first section presents a summary of the economic and institutional background for development of the current size...