observations. Our results show that the Covid-19 pandemic will lead to a significant fall in world output that is most likely long …

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine that started in March 2014 led Western countries and Russia to impose economic … the economies of Russia and the euro area. The effects of sanctions are analyzed with a structural vector autoregression …

countries often turn to their government when the country is isolated from the global marketplace. The sanctions on Russia in … against Russia have led to a trade loss estimated at US$114 billion, with US$44 billion borne by the sanctioning Western … incurred by the United States. Two wealthy countries that are neutral in sanctions against Russia – Israel and Switzerland …

panel difference-in-differences estimations and an event study design. Motivated by the claim that China and Russia … purposefully undermine US sanction efforts, we test whether target countries' trade with China and Russia increases under US trade … sanctions. We find no evidence for systematic sanction busting. Russia does not change its trade patterns with sanctioned …

panel difference-in-differences estimations and an event study design. Motivated by the claim that China and Russia … purposefully undermine US sanction efforts, we test whether target countries’ trade with China and Russia increases under US trade … sanctions. We find no evidence for systematic sanction busting. Russia does not change its trade patterns with sanctioned …