More policing reduces crime but little is known about the mechanism. Does policing deter crime by reducing its … between policing and arrests. During shift changes a peculiar redeployment of police patrols belonging to separate police … that criminals exploit these dips in police performance. A back of the envelope calculation suggests that incapacitation …

An influential literature has used the aftermath of terrorist attacks to estimate large effects of police street … deployment on crime. However, the elasticities obtained in these settings may not easily extrapolate to more standard … circumstances. This paper exploits a natural experiment that aimed to increase police presence in more than 6,000 well-defined areas …

, returning $7 for every $1 spent. We study the effects of increasing the size of MFCU budgets in fraud enforcement outcomes and … find that increases in MFCU spending substantially increase fraud enforcement actions (investigations, convictions …