government rents faded, subsidy spending became financially unsustainable and foreign donors pressed for reforms. Yet, reform has … delegitimisation. Several publications have analysed the subsidy reforms of various MENA countries, but few have systematically … analysed their impacts on the prevailing social contracts. This paper shows that reforms in a key policy field such as subsidy …

“Lifting or keeping the subsidy” has been a controversial issue, precisely in Egypt it has always been too “hot to … reforming the subsidy on the entire energy sector to wean it gradually and return to full cost as of 2014, only one phase of … this plan has been executed on removing 20% of the electricity subsidy, but the remaining phases where put on hold since …

This note comes in three sections. First, the information required for political economy analysis of energy subsidy … understand what is politically possible and how to realign political forces around successful reform. The authors are mindful … political insights since mismanagement in that realm can, itself, affect the political prospects for reform and harm the …