Aid flows are included into the standard cross-country catch-up relation. Robustness of the result is tested by changing time periods and by adding extra variables. The main results are: Absolute convergence and absolute aid effectiveness are both rejected. While conditional convergence is...

Empirical studies of per capita income convergence across countries have proliferated in the past decade. The purpose of this paper is to build upon that literature by examining demographic, rather than economic, convergence. In this paper, we examine whether fertility rates have been converging...