A quarter-century after reunification, labor productivity in eastern Germany continues to lag systematically behind the …, capital intensity in eastern Germany, especially in industry, has overshot values in the West, casting doubt on the embodied …

experiment. We analyze whether the slow-down in convergence in per capita income between East and West Germany since the mid-1990 …s and the lower international openness of East Germany are linked. We address the endogeneity of openness by adapting …

We analyse the convergence and heterogeneity of living standards between East and West Germany since unification. Based …, including retirees and the unemployed, of East and West Germany over the fifteen years for which data are available. Using a … highest negative income gap. This probably reflects out-migration from East Germany by the young and highly skilled. On the …