police forces tasked with preventing crime. We study the 1829 formation of the London Metropolitan Police - the first … professional force worldwide. Using newly digitized and geocoded crime and police data together with difference-indifferences and …

Constabulary's (RUC) official discourse. As the ongoing Northern Ireland peace process developed, the issue of police reform moved … constructions of history. This is most evident in the RUC's active celebration of the themes of sacrifice and bravery, community …