fraud to deceive (or suborn) sophisticated financial market participants. Large control frauds cause greater financial … fraud that cause systemic economic damage. As with the natural world, these financial super predators act like pathogens … that take over a firm and act as a “vector” to cause even greater damage. Control fraud theory poses a major challenge to …

The phenomenon of fraud and abuse remains relevant, as evidenced not only by studies published in this area, but also …

fraud against the government. We find that the DOJ is more likely to intervene in and conduct longer investigations of cases … its performance measures. DOJ intervention also affects the firm- and aggregate-level fraud environment. Firms subject to … intervention has a greater deterrent effect on fraud than private enforcement by whistleblowers acting alone …

We develop and test a model linking the duration of financial fraud to information produced by auditors and analysts … and efforts by managers to conceal the fraud. Our empirical results suggest fraud termination is more likely in the …, indicating auditors' observable signals reduce fraud duration. Analyst attention increases the likelihood of fraud termination …

and retirees were left with worthless stock. Enron was charged with securities fraud (fraudulent manipulation of publicly …