Ukraine face higher effective tax rates, worse bureaucratic corruption, greater incidence of mafia protection, and have less … and Ukraine than in Poland, Slovakia and Romania. A comparison of cross-country averages shows that managers in Russia and … corruption is significantly associated with hiding output …

corruption. On the one hand, if we assume that the goal of criminals involved in corruption is to minimize the probability of … being detected, then corruption represents a demand for money laundering (trigger effect), while money laundering can serve … as an effective way to clean the revenue from corruption for re-investment (multiplier effect). On the other hand …

Is dishonest behavior contagious? We answer this question by studying whether corruption scandals affect the propensity … shoppers, we show that the probability of stealing increases by 16% after a local corruption scandal breaks. This effect is not …

increase the cost of corruption but not of the exercise of violence might accordingly lead mafia-style organizations to …

, the threat of being betrayed by their fellows may induce top-criminals to rely on corruption (to avoid sanctions). However …