The panic of 1857 is revisited with the benefit of hindsight provided by the panic of 2007-08, where a number of parallels are identified between the two panics. We present new evidence on causes of the failure of the financial institution that triggered the panic of 1857 and conduct a detailed...

Economic development of countries, regions or entities operating on the market is possible when favourable economic conditions outweigh adverse conditions. Examining the development of European economy, it is possible to observe this regularity in the majority of periods, i.e. the bull market...