Under the world dollar standard, a discrete appreciation by a dollar creditor country of the United States, such as China or Japan, has no predictable effect on its trade surplus. Currency appreciation by the creditor country will slow its economic growth and eventually cause deflation but...

The role of education in economic growth -- Effective and rational investment under socialism -- Basic thoughts on economic restructuring -- A tentative study of socialist ownership structure -- Two types of disequilibrium and the mainstream of current economic restructuring -- Relationship...