in Europe by their engagement in New Growth Path-related activities. We then deploy this data to test the impact of …

that state industrial policy in Europe after 1945 had been always one of the most controversial policy fields and that its … enormous differences between nations and regions in Europe, even when they had to face similar challenges. The paradigm shift … environment favourable to competition, innovation and technology transfer. For Western Europe, it was increasing trade and …

Over the course of the 1990s, the US outperformed Europe not only in output growth, but also in productivity and … employment generation, thereby stopping Europe's decade-long period of catching up. The author shows that the growth difference … originates at least partly from insufficient investment by Europe into the determinants of long-run growth (research, education …