This paper analyzes five Productive Development Policies (PDPs) implemented in Costa Rica, finding that they are not optimally addressing market failures. Moreover, government failures rather than market failures represent the main justification for PDPs. Even in the presence of market failures,...

Taking South Africa as an important case study of the challenges of structural transformation, the book offers a new micro-meso level framework and evidence linking country-specific and global dynamics of change, with a focus on the current challenges and opportunities faced by middle-income...

Part 1: Microeconomic Environment -- Chapter 1: The Roles and Responsibilities of Local Government -- Chapter 2: Finance, Taxation and Government Behavior -- Chapter 3: Government Investment, Financing and Debt -- Chapter 4: Government and Industrialization -- Part 2: Macroeconomic Consequences...