Markt und Wettbewerb sind in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland als ordnungspolitische Konzeption nicht konsequent verwirklicht worden. Schon das Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen stellte sieben Wirtschaftsbereiche (darunter die Landwirtschaft, den Steinkohlenbergbau, die Eisenschaffende...

The Philippine Constitution contains many strong restrictions targeted against the flow of foreign capital in specific areas of economic activities. These restrictions were the same ones that were incorporated into the nationalistic provisions of the 1935 Constitution when its framers were...

The majority of African countries implemented import liberalisation in the 1990s. This paper explores factors that may explain the pattern of protection and of tariff reform. We consider political economy explanations, motivated specifically by the Grossman and Helpman (1994) model of protection...