The Xi-Li administration faces the dual challenge of managing state capitalism and shadow banking as China enters a … phase of more moderate economic growth. During China's first three decades of reform, private sector development occurred in … enterprises, while private businesses relied primarily on informal finance. However, China's response to global financial crisis …

The article looks to the status of Portugal-China bilateral relations in the context of an enormous trade deficit, the … fading of Portuguese economic interests in Macao and China, and the removal of China as a vector of Portugal foreign policy … relations with the PRC (second in the rank of foreign partners) is minimal representing 0,50% of EU exports to China. China has …

, where officials derive their revenues from taxation rather than rent-seeking. We provide a model of elite dynamics to … incentivizes more elite members to promote liberalization. Comparing the SEZ programs in China and Ghana illustrate how seemingly …