Shackle's attempt to completely redefine Keynes's definition of uncertainty in chapter 12 of the General Theory, which was that uncertainty is an inverse function of the weight of the evidence as discussed in chapters 6 and 26 of the A Treatise on Probability, as unknowledge (no knowledge of the...

This working paper - like its companion, Caldwell and Klausinger 2021 - grew out of the authors' joint work on Hayek: A Life, 1899-1950 (Caldwell and Klausinger 2022) and it contains material supplementing it. This paper draws to a large extent on Friedrich Hayek's own investigations into the...

Adam Smith completely rejected Utilitarianism in any form in his lifetime in his two major books, the Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and The Wealth of Nations (1776). This paper will examine the basis for Smith’s rejection of Utilitarianism in the Wealth of Nations (1776) only. The Virtue...

The missing link -- Marx's theory of history -- An accounting critique of Marxist interpretations -- Ancient slavery -- Slavery in the late roman empire -- Transition to feudalism in Western Europe -- Capitalist ideology and accounting -- The socialist mode of production -- The tasks of critical...