The renowned institutionalist Geoffrey Hodgson has claimed inter alia that heterodox economics has failed to define its nature and scope, does not take pluralism seriously, and lacks expertise concentration to ensure quality which means it has made limited progress and is held in variable...

Under the impetus of Edward Lazear, personnel economics has established itself as a particularly dynamic area of mainstream labour economics. It aspires to provide the best solutions to the practical problems that human resource managers encounter. The following paper aims to do the following:...