Many writers have claimed that R&D has two 'faces'. In addition to the conventional role of stimulating innovation, R … important in this catch up process as well as stimulating innovation directly. Trade, by contrast, plays a more modest role in …

In the following paragraphs we will discuss the "mapping of innovative clusters in national innovation systems". For … Innovation Survey (which is comparable with CIS data). The Community Innovation Survey (CIS) is an initiative of the EU … innovation systems, highlight the outline conditions for innovations in Germany, focusing above all on the basis of innovations …

different innovation outcomes, using a firm-level dataset collected in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China. It also … innovation sales and to create new knowledge qualified for patenting. In addition to own R&D activities, they rely on sourcing … knowledge from different sets of sources to support them to carry out the last three types of innovation outcomes. -- Innovation …

-collectivism. The model predicts that more individualism leads to more innovation because of the social rewards associated with … innovation in an individualist culture. This cultural effect may offset the negative effects of bad institutions on growth … individualism on growth through innovation. Using genetic data as instruments for culture we provide strong evidence of a causal …

Understanding factors affecting the direction of innovation is a central aim of research in the economics of innovation … several contexts for research in innovation. We benchmark and demonstrate the benefits of this approach in the context of 44 …