In this chapter, we review the recent literature on conflict and appropriation. Allowing for the possibility of … conflict, which amounts to recognizing the possibility that property rights are not perfectly and costlessly enforced … technologies of conflict. A central objective of this research is to identify the effects of conflict on economic outcomes: the …

Macroeconomic costs of conflict are generally very large, with GDP per capita about 28 percent lower ten years after … conflict onset. This is overwhelmingly driven by private consumption, which falls by 25 percent ten years after conflict onset …. Conflict is also associated with dramatic declines in official trade, with exports (imports) estimated to be 58 (34) percent …

data as measured by orbital satellites and conflict data spatially mapped to latitude and longitude coordinates. Using a … fighting declines significantly once a conflict begins; neighboring countries also experience large negative effects. The …