Cutting the global economy's dependence on coal has always been seen as one of the most effective measures to reduce … carbon emissions and ensure environmental sustainability. However, the demand for coal can vary greatly from country to … country. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to identify where the countries with the highest coal consumption …

analyse the effect of both, coal and oil on economic growth between 1900 and 2015, exploiting variation at the level of … European NUTS2 and NUTS3 regions. We show that the reversal of fortune of coal regions resulted from the second energy … transition. Specifically, an "oil invasion" in the early 1960s turned regional coal abundance from a blessing into a curse. Human …