by a monopoly owned by the inventor. We show that philanthropy does not necessarily increase long-run growth and that it … may even reduce welfare. The reason is that it crowds out proprietary innovation which on net may reduce total innovation … in the long run. These effects would be reinforced if philanthropical innovation diverted people from other productive …

outcome. The totality of possible outcomes drives the national innovation system and the returns to a particular successful … required to motivate investment attempting to turn them into an innovation. The alternative to a valuable proprietary … innovation is not the same innovation freely available but the unchanged generic technology. Growth is concentrated in any …

agenda to integrate major research streams treating innovation as an object of economic analysis into our standard models … outcome. The totality of possible outcomes drives the national innovation system and the returns to a particular successful … required to motivate investment attempting to turn them into an innovation. The alternative to a valuable proprietary …

This paper extends the Schumpeterian model of creative destruction by allowing followers' cost of innovation to …