: (i) monetary volatility negatively affects long-run growth; (ii) the relation between nominal volatility and growth … increases the negative effect of nominal volatility on mean growth. …

coffee production and output. These patterns have become more pronounced since the 1970s as volatility increased. This paper … of volatility in the Cote d'Ivoire. The terms of trade and real exchange rate are also sources of volatility for growth …

probability of macroeconomic catastrophes à la Barro (2006), and to the case of an uncertain trend or volatility of growth à la …

volatility. Expanding the sample to 121 developing countries confirms this result, although this role of shock-absorber fades …-whether financial intermediation is performed through banks or markets-for macroeconomic volatility, against the backdrop of increased … sector development acts as a shock-absorber in poor countries, dampening the transmission of terms of trade shocks to growth …

coffee production and output. These patterns have become more pronounced since the 1970s as volatility increased. This paper … of volatility in the Cote d'Ivoire. The terms of trade and real exchange rate are also sources of volatility for growth …