We examine the idea that excess managerial compensation acts as a reference wage in a fair wage-effort model of efficiency wages. We utilise the Australian Business Longitudinal Survey (1995-98) and the BHPS (1990-2002) to estimate the impact of excess managerial pay on labour productivity and...

This article examines the role played by primary and secondary equity markets in economic growth. It departs from standard literature to integrate both markets and to explicitly acknowledge the primary equity market. By employing a variety of dynamic panel estimators for 54 countries over the...

Heterogeneous panel causality tests are employed to consider the relationship between urbanization change and economic growth (i.e., differenced logged GDP per capita). Income and geography-based panels demonstrated substantial variation in that relationship. Urbanization caused economic growth...

This paper examines the role played by primary and secondary equity markets in economic growth by integrating both types of market. By employing a variety of dynamic panel estimators for 54 countries over the period 1995-2010, we show that the primary equity market is not an important...