The European market has been served by regulated and licensed e-money tokens (EMTs) since 2019, contradicting the claim that legal clarity is needed for EMTs. Despite the well-functioning e-money legislation, the EU Parliament will vote on a new regulation specifically for EMTs as part of the...

During last 10 years some EU countries had economical instability. They have short and long term challenges such as unemployment, population ageing, globalization etc. In this study it is aimed to analyze macroeconomic indicators of EU countries' economic growth using panel data approach. Static...

Empirical data is presented suggesting that high private and, to a lesser extent, public debt levels place a strong drag upon economic growth. A simple, demand-based, cash flow (DBCF) model of the economy is developed, separating out flows by marginal propensity to spend. This approach is both...

The study presents a Green Economy Index that evaluates the quality of green economies in the BRICS countries based on three pillars: environment, economic performance, and quality of green living. Research findings suggest that the BRICS nations are gradually shifting their focus from mere...

Yes, partly. This paper studies the potential role of structural reforms in improving Japan's outlook using the IMF's Global Integrated Monetary and Fiscal Model (GIMF) with newly-added demographic features. Implementation of a not-fully-believed path of structural reforms can significantly...

We study the situation when a commodity-exporting economy is under sanctions and cannot use its accumulated fx-reserves or attract new fx-debt to smooth import restrictions amid slower decline of income flow from a commodity-export. Our study attempts to determine the adequate response of the...

COVID-19 has spread globally, and most countries have adopted extraordinary measures to mitigate its effects on public health. These include bringing part of economic activity to a standstill and the confinement of the population, and they are exerting a most severe contractionary effect on GDP...

As its workforce ages and major economies shift towards producing higher value-added goods and services, New Zealand will face increasing challenges to remain globally competitive and maintain high living standards. Future growth will need to come increasingly from productivity gains, and...

The paper attempted to analyzes linkages between fiscal policies (public expenditure and public debt) and economic growth by investigating the impact of public expenditure and public debt on economic growth (GSDP). To find out empirically the relationship between GSDP and Public Debt, the study...

Indian and Chinese economies are growing rapidly among the Asian countries due to economic reforms. The prime objective of this study was to compare and analyze the economic status (in terms of economic growth, FDI inflows, export and import, remittance, labor force, tax and tariff) of both the...